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MinioServer启动模式

MrJason...大约 9 分钟

MinioServer启动模式

1. 简介

minio支持多种server启动模式：

image-20220715171521129.png
image-20220715171521129.png

  • standalone模式

    即要管理的磁盘都在host本地。该启动模式一般仅用于实验环境、测试环境的验证和学习使用。在standalone模式下，还可以分为

    • non-erasure code mode
    • erasure code mode。

1.1 standalone 之 non-erasure code 模式

所谓non-erasure code mode，即minio server启动时仅传入一个本地磁盘目录参数：比如：

$minio server data

Endpoint:  http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000
AccessKey: minioadmin
SecretKey: minioadmin

Browser Access:
   http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000           

Command-line Access: https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide
   $ mc config host add myminio http://10.10.126.88:9000 minioadmin minioadmin

... ...

在这样的启动模式下，对于每一份对象数据，minio直接在data下面存储这份数据，不会建立副本，也不会启用纠删码机制。因此，这种模式无论是服务实例还是磁盘都是“单点”，无任何高可用保障，磁盘损坏就表示数据丢失。

1.2 standalone 之 non-erasure code 模式

erasure code mode即为minio server实例传入多个本地磁盘参数。一旦遇到多于一个磁盘参数，minio server会自动启用erasure code mode。erasure code对磁盘的个数是有要求的（最少4个），如不满足要求，实例启动将失败：

$minio server data1 data2
ERROR Invalid command line arguments: Incorrect number of endpoints provided [data1 data2]
      > Please provide an even number of endpoints greater or equal to 4
      HINT:
        For more information, please refer to https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-erasure-code-quickstart-guide

erasure code启用后，要求传给minio server的endpoint(standalone模式下，即本地磁盘上的目录)至少为4个。minio server启用纠删码机制后，会自动将传入的disk drive划分为多个erasure coding set，每个erasure coding set中的disk drive的数量可以是：4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 和16。minio server会根据传入disk drive的数量自动计算set个数和每个set中的disk drive数量。比如下面例子中，我们传入四个endpoint(disk drive)给minio server：

$minio server data1 data2 data3 data4

Formatting 1 zone, 1 set(s), 4 drives per set.
WARNING: Host local has more than 2 drives of set. A host failure will result in data becoming unavailable.
Status:         4 Online, 0 Offline.
Endpoint:  http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000
AccessKey: minioadmin
SecretKey: minioadmin

Browser Access:
   http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000           

Command-line Access: https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide
   $ mc config host add myminio http://10.10.126.88:9000 minioadmin minioadmin

... ...

从minio server的输出日志来看，minio server将这些drive放入了一个erasure coding set了。在输出日志中，我们还看到一行WARNING: Host local has more than 2 drives of set. A host failure will result in data becoming unavailable.，即minio server警告我们：这个erasure coding set中有多于两个的drive都在local host上，这样一旦host宕机，那么数据将无法获取。(每个set 有4个drive，根据纠删码的机制，这个set的最大允许失效的disk数量为4/2=2)。

1.2.1 语法糖-省略号

$minio server data{1...18}

Formatting 1 zone, 3 set(s), 6 drives per set.
WARNING: Host local has more than 3 drives of set. A host failure will result in data becoming unavailable.
WARNING: Host local has more than 3 drives of set. A host failure will result in data becoming unavailable.
WARNING: Host local has more than 3 drives of set. A host failure will result in data becoming unavailable.
Status:         18 Online, 0 Offline.
Endpoint:  http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000
AccessKey: minioadmin
SecretKey: minioadmin

Browser Access:
   http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000           

Command-line Access: https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide
   $ mc config host add myminio http://10.10.126.88:9000 minioadmin minioadmin
... ...
minio server data{1...18}

等价于

minio server data1 data2 data3 data4 data5 data6 data7 data8 data9 data10 data11 data 12 data13 data14 data15 data16 data17 data18

minio server会自行扩展省略号代表的内容。我们看到：当我们传入18个disk drive后，minio server创建了3个erasure coding set，每个set中有6个disk drive。同样，minio server还针对每个set输出了一行WARNING：每个Set中有三个以上的disk drive都位于同一台host上。

这些WARNING我们可以通过distributed mode来解决。顾名思义，distributed mode下，minio server实例和其管理的disk drive分布在多台host上，这种模式可以避免minio server实例单点，数据也将分布在不同host上的不同disk中，实现了高可用，提升了整体的容灾能力。由于处理多个host上的disk，distribute mode默认就会启动erasure coding set机制。

1.3 distributed mode

在distributed mode下，minio server后面的远程的endpoint采用http url编码格式：

export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=<ACCESS_KEY>
export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=<SECRET_KEY>
$minio server http://host{1...4}:9000/minio/data{1...4}

上面例子中的minio server命令相当于4个host，每个host上启动一个minio server实例，每个实例都管理16的disk drive(包括本地和远程的)。上述命令等价于：

$minio server http://host1:9000/minio/data1 http://host1:9000/minio/data2 http://host1:9000/minio/data3 http://host1:9000/minio/data4 http://host2:9000/minio/data1 http://host2:9000/minio/data2 http://host2:9000/minio/data3 http://host2:9000/minio/data4 http://host3:9000/minio/data1 http://host3:9000/minio/data2 http://host3:9000/minio/data3 http://host3:9000/minio/data4 http://host4:9000/minio/data1 http://host4:9000/minio/data2 http://host4:9000/minio/data3 http://host4:9000/minio/data4

minio同样会自动将这些disk drive划分为若干个erasure coding set。每个endpoint用http://address/disk-drive-path的形式编码。注意：这条命令在host1、host2、host3和host4上都要执行

2. zone的概念

比如下面这个例子：

$minio server data{1...8} data{9...16}

Formatting 1 zone, 1 set(s), 8 drives per set.
WARNING: Host local has more than 4 drives of set. A host failure will result in data becoming unavailable.
Formatting 2 zone, 1 set(s), 8 drives per set.
WARNING: Host local has more than 4 drives of set. A host failure will result in data becoming unavailable.
Status:         16 Online, 0 Offline.
Endpoint:  http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000
AccessKey: minioadmin
SecretKey: minioadmin

Browser Access:
   http://10.10.126.88:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000           

Command-line Access: https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide
   $ mc config host add myminio http://10.10.126.88:9000 minioadmin minioadmin

... ...

我们在命令行中给minio server传入两组采用“省略号”语法的参数，minio认为每组就是一个**“zone”，这里有两组，因此minio创建了两个zone**。在每个zone内，minio创建了一个erasure coding set，每个set中有8个disk drive。对于外部的写数据请求，minio server会首先查找可用空间多的zone，然后再在zone内选择set和disk drive。

如果不用“省略号”语法，那么minio server会将后面传入的所有disk drive放入一个zone中

3. 部署distributed minio集群

3. 1. 单机上部署distributed minio集群

我们的验证环境采用最小的distributed minio模式：单机、one zone, one erasure coding set, 4 disk drive。下面是部署的示意图：

image-20220715200417201
image-20220715200417201

我们没有使用“省略号”语法，在单机上不是很好模拟。我们通过下面脚本来启动该minio集群：

# cat startup_minio.sh
#!/bin/bash

export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY="minio"
export MINIO_SECRET_KEY="minio123"

for i in {01..04}; do
    nohup minio server --address ":90${i}" http://127.0.0.1:9001/root/minio-install/data1 http://127.0.0.1:9002/root/minio-install/data2  http://127.0.0.1:9003/root/minio-install/data3 http://127.0.0.1:9004/root/minio-install/data4 > "/root/minio-install/90${i}.log"& 2>&1
done

启动该minio集群，并查看启动状态：

# bash startup_minio.sh

# ps -ef|grep minio

root      1218     1 11 21:58 pts/5    00:00:01 minio server --address :9001 http://127.0.0.1:9001/root/minio-install/data1 http://127.0.0.1:9002/root/minio-install/data2 http://127.0.0.1:9003/root/minio-install/data3 http://127.0.0.1:9004/root/minio-install/data4
root      1219     1 11 21:58 pts/5    00:00:01 minio server --address :9002 http://127.0.0.1:9001/root/minio-install/data1 http://127.0.0.1:9002/root/minio-install/data2 http://127.0.0.1:9003/root/minio-install/data3 http://127.0.0.1:9004/root/minio-install/data4
root      1220     1  3 21:58 pts/5    00:00:00 minio server --address :9003 http://127.0.0.1:9001/root/minio-install/data1 http://127.0.0.1:9002/root/minio-install/data2 http://127.0.0.1:9003/root/minio-install/data3 http://127.0.0.1:9004/root/minio-install/data4
root      1221     1 11 21:58 pts/5    00:00:01 minio server --address :9004 http://127.0.0.1:9001/root/minio-install/data1 http://127.0.0.1:9002/root/minio-install/data2 http://127.0.0.1:9003/root/minio-install/data3 http://127.0.0.1:9004/root/minio-install/data4

root@instance-cspzrq3u:~/minio-install# ls
9001.log  9002.log  9003.log  9004.log  data1  data2  data3  data4  startup_minio.sh
root@instance-cspzrq3u:~/minio-install# tail -100f 9001.log

Formatting 1 zone, 1 set(s), 4 drives per set.
Attempting encryption of all config, IAM users and policies on MinIO backend
Status:         4 Online, 0 Offline.
Endpoint:  http://192.168.16.4:9001  http://172.17.0.1:9001  http://172.18.0.1:9001  http://127.0.0.1:9001       

Browser Access:
   http://192.168.16.4:9001  http://172.17.0.1:9001  http://172.18.0.1:9001  http://127.0.0.1:9001       

.... ...

3.2 mc配置与管理

minio官方提供了mc命令行工具，用于对minio server进行管理。我们首先要为mc创建一个管理本地minio server(:9001)的配置：

# mc config host add myminio

这里我们使用mc添加了一个所谓”host”，指向上面创建的minio server(:9001)。上面的命令实质上是在~/.mc/config.json中写入了如下配置：

# cat ~/.mc/config.json
{
    "version": "9",
    "hosts": {
        "myminio": {
            "url": "http://localhost:9001",
            "accessKey": "minio",
            "secretKey": "minio123",
            "api": "s3v4",
            "lookup": "auto"
        }
    }
}

接下来，我们通过mc命令在minio集群中添加三个bucket：

root@instance-cspzrq3u:~# mc mb myminio/image
Bucket created successfully `myminio/image`.
root@instance-cspzrq3u:~# mc mb myminio/video
Bucket created successfully `myminio/video`.
root@instance-cspzrq3u:~# mc mb myminio/audio
Bucket created successfully `myminio/audio`.
root@instance-cspzrq3u:~# mc ls myminio
[2020-03-16 15:19:55 CST]      0B audio/
[2020-03-16 15:19:48 CST]      0B image/
[2020-03-16 15:19:52 CST]      0B video/

新创建的bucket默认的访问policy是none，即外部无访问权限：

root@instance-cspzrq3u:~# mc policy get myminio/image
Access permission for `myminio/image` is `none`

根据我们的设计，我们需要给这三个bucket添加外部可读取权限，以image这个bucket为例：

root@instance-cspzrq3u:~# mc policy set download myminio/image
Access permission for `myminio/image` is set to `download`
root@instance-cspzrq3u:~# mc policy get myminio/image
Access permission for `myminio/image` is `download`

3.3. load balancer设置

这里我们使用一个nginx前置在minio集群外部，下面是为minio创建的nginx配置文件(/etc/nginx/conf.d/minio.conf)：

// /etc/nginx/conf.d/minio.conf

 upstream minio_cluster {
    server localhost:9001;
    server localhost:9002;
    server localhost:9003;
    server localhost:9004;
 }

server {
 listen 9000;
 server_name myminio.tonybai.com;

 # To allow special characters in headers
 ignore_invalid_headers off;
 # Allow any size file to be uploaded.
 # Set to a value such as 1000m; to restrict file size to a specific value
 client_max_body_size 0;
 # To disable buffering
 proxy_buffering off;

location / {

   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
   proxy_set_header Host $http_host;

   proxy_connect_timeout 300;
   # Default is HTTP/1, keepalive is only enabled in HTTP/1.1
   proxy_http_version 1.1;
   proxy_set_header Connection "";
   chunked_transfer_encoding off;

   proxy_pass http://minio_cluster;
}

location /image/ {
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
   proxy_set_header Host $http_host;

   proxy_connect_timeout 300;
   # Default is HTTP/1, keepalive is only enabled in HTTP/1.1
   proxy_http_version 1.1;
   proxy_set_header Connection "";
   chunked_transfer_encoding off;
   client_max_body_size 1000m;
   proxy_buffering off;

   proxy_pass http://minio_cluster;
 }
}

重启nginx（nginx -s reload)。

我们使用浏览器访问一下http://myminio.tonybai.com:9000/，登录后，你将看到如下页面：

image-20220715200904574
image-20220715200904574

选择左侧的”image” bucket，点击右下角的”+”号，我们可以上传一张图片：gopher-daily-logo.png，上传后，我们退出登录。然后通过地址http://myminio.tonybai.com:9000/image/gopher-daily-logo.png访问该图片。你也可以通过wget命令下载该图片：

$wget -c http://myminio.tonybai.com:9000/image/gopher-daily-logo.png
--2020-03-16 15:40:20--  http://myminio.tonybai.com:9000/image/gopher-daily-logo.png
正在解析主机 myminio.tonybai.com (myminio.tonybai.com)... 106.12.69.83
正在连接 myminio.tonybai.com (myminio.tonybai.com)|106.12.69.83|:9000... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：59736 (58K) [image/png]
正在保存至: “gopher-daily-logo.png”

gopher-daily-logo.png        100%[============================================>]  58.34K   253KB/s  用时 0.2s   

2020-03-16 15:40:20 (253 KB/s) - 已保存 “gopher-daily-logo.png” [59736/59736])

4 开启多版本控制

要开启多版本控制，必须开启纠删码模式

image-20220715165955626
image-20220715165955626

开启纠删码模式后，我们上传的文件可以看到历史版本

image-20220715170326538
image-20220715170326538

我们再存储可以看到他的多版本文件

image-20220715170931323
image-20220715170931323

参考文章

使用minio搭建高性能对象存储-第一部分：原型

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