Mongo入门 - 基本使用：安装和CRUD

在理解MongoDB基础概念后，本文将介绍MongoDB的安装和最基本的CURD操作。

1. MongoDB安装

MongoDB的安装比较简单，可参考官方文档或使用docker 安装、不过多介绍

2. CRUD操作

官方CRUD文档

2.1 Insert

• 图例

image-20230111220749059

• 示例

> db.inventory.insertOne(
...    { item: "canvas", qty: 100, tags: ["cotton"], size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } }
... )
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedId" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c")
}
> db.inventory.insertMany([
...    { item: "journal", qty: 25, tags: ["blank", "red"], size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" } },
...    { item: "mat", qty: 85, tags: ["gray"], size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } },
...    { item: "mousepad", qty: 25, tags: ["gel", "blue"], size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" } }
... ])
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedIds" : [
                ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"),
                ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"),
                ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f")
        ]
}
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "tags" : [ "cotton" ], "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "tags" : [ "gray" ], "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
>

• 更多文档资料

官方相关文档

官方相关示例 - Insert

官方相关示例 - InsertOne

官方相关示例 - InsertMany

2.2 Query

• 图例

image-20230111221719863

• 示例

> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "tags" : [ "cotton" ], "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "tags" : [ "gray" ], "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: "D" } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: { $in: [ "A", "D" ] } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( {
...      status: "A",
...      $or: [ { qty: { $lt: 30 } }, { item: /^p/ } ]
... } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>

• 更多文档资料

官方相关文档

官方相关示例 - find

官方相关示例 - findOne

官方相关示例 - findAndModify

官方相关示例 - findOneAndDelete

官方相关示例 - findOneAndReplace

官方相关示例 - findOneAndUpdate

2.3 Update

• 图例

image-20230111221858720

• 示例

> db.inventory.insertMany( [
...    { item: "canvas", qty: 100, size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
...    { item: "journal", qty: 25, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
...    { item: "mat", qty: 85, size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
...    { item: "mousepad", qty: 25, size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" }, status: "P" },
...    { item: "notebook", qty: 50, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "P" },
...    { item: "paper", qty: 100, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "D" },
...    { item: "planner", qty: 75, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30, uom: "cm" }, status: "D" },
...    { item: "postcard", qty: 45, size: { h: 10, w: 15.25, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
...    { item: "sketchbook", qty: 80, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
...    { item: "sketch pad", qty: 95, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" }
... ] );
{
        "acknowledged" : true,
        "insertedIds" : [
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"),
                ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86")
        ]
}
> db.inventory.updateOne(
...    { item: "paper" },
...    {
...      $set: { "size.uom": "cm", status: "P" },
...      $currentDate: { lastModified: true }
...    }
... )
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T03:09:17.014Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }

updateMany

> db.inventory.updateMany(
...    { "qty": { $lt: 50 } },
...    {
...      $set: { "size.uom": "in", status: "P" },
...      $currentDate: { lastModified: true }
...    }
... )
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 3, "modifiedCount" : 3 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T03:09:17.014Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>

replace one

> db.inventory.replaceOne(
...    { item: "paper" },
...    { item: "paper", instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 60 }, { warehouse: "B", qty: 40 } ] }
... )
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "instock" : [ { "warehouse" : "A", "qty" : 60 }, { "warehouse" : "B", "qty" : 40 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>

• 更多文档资料

官方相关文档

官方相关示例 - update

官方相关示例 - updateOne

官方相关示例 - updateMany

2.4 Delete

• 图例

image-20230111222049678

• 示例

> db.inventory.deleteMany({ status : "A" })
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 4 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "instock" : [ { "warehouse" : "A", "qty" : 60 }, { "warehouse" : "B", "qty" : 40 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }

• 更多文档资料

官方相关文档

官方相关示例 - remove

官方相关示例 - deleteOne

官方相关示例 - deleteMany

2.5 BulkWrite

本质是就是将上述的操作批量化。

try {
   db.characters.bulkWrite(
      [
         { insertOne :
            {
               "document" :
               {
                  "_id" : 4, "char" : "Dithras", "class" : "barbarian", "lvl" : 4
               }
            }
         },
         { insertOne :
            {
               "document" :
               {
                  "_id" : 5, "char" : "Taeln", "class" : "fighter", "lvl" : 3
               }
            }
         },
         { updateOne :
            {
               "filter" : { "char" : "Eldon" },
               "update" : { $set : { "status" : "Critical Injury" } }
            }
         },
         { deleteOne :
            { "filter" : { "char" : "Brisbane"} }
         },
         { replaceOne :
            {
               "filter" : { "char" : "Meldane" },
               "replacement" : { "char" : "Tanys", "class" : "oracle", "lvl" : 4 }
            }
         }
      ]
   );
}
catch (e) {
   print(e);
}

参考文章

Mongo入门 - 基本使用：安装和CRUD